Decarbonization of the Energy Sector in Poland – Gradual Process of Moving Away from Fossil Fuels

Abstract

The paper presents the process of transformation of the energy sector in Poland. Energy transition mainly involves the gradual decarbonization of the economy and the shift towards renewable energy sources (RES). This process is linked to the European Union’s climate and energy policy, which aims for Europe to become the first continent to achieve climate neutrality, as well as to the gradual depletion of energy raw material resources. In the case of energy, these raw materials are hard coal and lignite. The need to protect the climate and the desire to leave at least some of the energy resources to future generations forces such actions. The rising costs of obtaining energy resources also play an important role here. The first part of the paper shows how electricity production in Poland has progressed in the last twenty years. Total electricity production as well as production exclusively from hard coal and lignite are presented. The directions of the energy transitio, mainly based on the government document Poland's energy policy until 2040 are also presented. The subsequent section of the paper outlines the energy transition plans of Poland’s principal electricity producers responsible for ensuring the stable operation of the energy system and maintaining uninterrupted supply of both electricity and heat.