An overview on controls for geothermal resource exploration

Abstract

Geothermal energy is a renewable resource that harnesses heat from the Earth’s interior, offering one of sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. The effectiveness of geothermal energy exploration is heavily influenced by geological controls (including tectonic settings, geological formation, and geologic structures), geochemical, and geophysical characteristics. This review examines t he interplay between these geological factors and their implications for geothermal resource potential. Key lithological formations, such as volcanic rocks and sedimentary basins, significantly influence heat retention and fluid movement. Variations in the geothermal gradient across different tectonic settings, including rift zones and subduction zones, dictate the temperature and pressure conditions favorable for geothermal systems. By integrating geological settings, geologic structures, geophysical data, and geochemical analyses, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of geothermal systems and optimize exploration strategies. This underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in evaluating geothermal resources, promoting sustainable ener gy development in high potential regions of geothermal energy.