Application of the GNSS Method in the Monitoring of Mine Surface Displacement: A Systemic Review

Abstract

Currently, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) techniques are widely used for monitoring displacement. This study provides an overview of current developments in the application of GNSS technology for determining displacement based on the findings of 52 research publications over the past fifteen years, from 2009 to August 2024. The obtained results indicated that RTK-GNSS and PPP-GNSS are effective methods to monitor deformation, subsidence, and landslides in open-pit, underground, abandoned mines, and waste dumps. Besides, some limitations and benefits of this technology have been mentioned in this paper. Finally, the prospects of developing of GNSS technique combined with AI technology in displacement monitoring of mining areas were also presented. This paper offers a technical reference for expanding the understanding and knowledge of GNSS applications in detecting displacement in mining areas.