XPS (X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) Study of Removing Iron Ions from Water by Zeolite and Bentonite

Abstract

Zeolites as a member of family of hydrated aluminosilicate minerals contains alkali and alkaline-earth metals. They are noted for their lability toward ion-exchange and reversible dehydration. Their framework structure encloses interconnected cavities occupied by large metal cations and water molecules. Bentonites are clays generated frequently from the alteration of volcanic ash, consisting predominantly of smectite minerals, usually montmorillonite. They present strong colloidal properties and its volume increases several times when coming into contact with water, creating a gelatinous and viscous fluid. The special properties of bentonite (hydration, swelling, water absorption, viscosity, thixotropy) make it a valuable material for a wide range of uses and applications. The purpose of this paper is to document an ability of a zeolite and bentonite to remove iron ions and various other pollutants from water. The surface analysis of zeolite and bentonite was performed by the very sensitive analytical device – XPS (X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy).